There are four types of inhalation injury that most occurred: Smoke inhalation injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, smoke poisoning, and direct thermal heat injury.
Smoke Inhalation Injury
Smoke inhalation injury is occurred when the person is trapped in an enclosed, hot, smoke filled space. Patient with smoke inhalation might be have facial burns, erythema, swelling of oropharynx and nasopharynx, flaring nostrils, hoarse voice, stridor, wheezing, dyspnea, sooty (carbonaceous sputum), cough and tachycardia.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbone monoxide is a colorless, practically odorless, and poisonous gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon; its toxic action is due to its strong affinity for hemoglobin, myoglobin, and the cytochromes, reducing oxygen transport and blocking oxygen utilization.
Oxygen molecules are displaced and carbon monoxide reversibly binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin that tissue will be hypoxia.
The signs and symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning are depended on the level of carbon monoxide in blood. It will be from impaired visual activity, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, syncope, tachypnea, tachycardia, until coma or death.
Smoke Poisoning
Smoke poisoning is injury result when the victim inhales by-products of combustion. The localized inflammatory reaction occurs that causing a decrease in bronchial ciliary action and decrease in surfactant. The victim will have mucosal edema and wheezing.
Direct Thermal Heat Injury
Direct thermal heat injury can occur to the lower or upper airways by the inhalation of steam or explosive gases. Mucosal edema can lead to upper airway obstruction especially during the first 24 hours.
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